A detective who can mind read--well, not really. However, Detective Patrick Jane (Simon Baker) does posses acute observation skills--skills he honed as a mentalist--and uses them to solve cases for the California Bureau of Investigation.
These shows focus around real and fictional, or fictionalized but once real, thinkers, inventors, etc. Some are crime procedurals, others are exploring history (real or imagined). But all have in common very clever characters center stage.